Insect social behaviors are reflections of individual recognition and responses to environmental stimuli. By building up communications among individuals, colonies create a wide variety of adaptive behaviors to environmental changes and to enemies as well. Therefore, understanding the basis of social behaviors attracts attentions of researchers in the field of micro machines and brain sciences. We have been interested in how the behavioral flexibility arises, and looking into the mechanisms of social behaviors. Honey bees have developed an array of social behaviors such as foraging, swarming, allo-grooming, age polyethism and so on. Among the honey bee species in the world, eight out of nine distribute in Asia. The European honey bee (Apis mellifera L: AM), originally from Europe and Africa, has been domesticated and brought out to almost all over the world for apiculture. AM has been extensively studies for a long time and became a text book species in honey bees. On the other hand, eight honey bees in Asia are not domesticated, absconds frequently but have specific behaviors such as allo-grooming behaviour against Varroa mite in Apis cerana Fabr (AC). Thus, Honey bees in Asia are interesting and important natural resources in both apicultural and scientific studies. In this paper, we will present differences in behaviors among AM and AC, in connection to pheromones and semiochemicals that elicit these behaviors. (E-mail: sasagawa@affrc.go.jp)