Brood pheromone has been found to elicit multiple releaser responses resulting in increased pollen foraging. Here we show that brood pheromone also leads to increased individual foraging rate through decreased time spent in the hive between foraging bouts, termed turnaround time. Observations of forager activity occurred in four-frame observation hives using number tagged pollen foragers. Six colony-level replications were performed. Treatments consisted of 10 μL brood pheromone introduced into the colony on a glass slide and control blank slide. Treatments were separated by 24 hrs and the order treatment presentation was randomized. Observations began one hour after introduction of the glass plate. Time of forager entry and exit was noted until 30 bees were observed. There was no significant effect of treatment order (F1,350= .008, P>0.05). Brood pheromone treatment resulted in significantly shorter turnaround times(F1, 56 = 26.75, P<0.001) than control with mean time of 7.5 min for brood pheromone and 26.7 min for control with standard errors of 0.4 and 1.2 min, respectively. Results indicated that treatment with brood pheromone increased the activity of foragers by reducing the time spent in nest between foraging bouts.
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